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1998-05-21
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398 lines
/xlv1/freeware/1998.May/fileutils/3.16/fileutils-3.16.diffbuild/man
LLLLSSSS((((1111)))) FFFFSSSSFFFF ((((GGGGNNNNUUUU FFFFiiiilllleeee UUUUttttiiiilllliiiittttiiiieeeessss)))) LLLLSSSS((((1111))))
NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
ls, dir, vdir - list contents of directories
SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
llllssss [-abcdfgiklmnpqrstuxABCFGLNQRSUX1] [-w cols] [-T cols]
[-I pattern] [--all] [--escape] [--directory] [--inode]
[--kilobytes] [--numeric-uid-gid] [--no-group] [--hide-
control-chars] [--reverse] [--size] [--width=cols]
[--tabsize=cols] [--almost-all] [--ignore-backups]
[--classify] [--file-type] [--full-time] [--ignore=pattern]
[--dereference] [--literal] [--quote-name] [--recursive]
[--sort={none,time,size,extension}]
[--format={long,verbose,commas,across,vertical,single-
column}] [--time={atime,access,use,ctime,status}] [--help]
[--version] [--color[={yes,no,tty}]]
[--colour[={yes,no,tty}]] [name...]
DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
This documentation is no longer being maintained and may be
inaccurate or incomplete. The Texinfo documentation is now
the authoritative source.
This manual page documents the GNU version of llllssss. ddddiiiirrrr and
vvvvddddiiiirrrr are versions of llllssss with different default output
formats. These programs list each given file or directory
name. Directory contents are sorted alphabetically. For
llllssss, files are by default listed in columns, sorted
vertically, if the standard output is a terminal; otherwise
they are listed one per line. For ddddiiiirrrr, files are by default
listed in columns, sorted vertically. For vvvvddddiiiirrrr, files are
by default listed in long format.
OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
-_a, --_a_l_l
List all files in directories, including all files that
start with `.'.
-_b, --_e_s_c_a_p_e
Quote nongraphic characters in file names using
alphabetic and octal backslash sequences like those
used in C.
-_c, --_t_i_m_e=_c_t_i_m_e, --_t_i_m_e=_s_t_a_t_u_s
Sort directory contents according to the files' status
change time instead of the modification time. If the
long listing format is being used, print the status
change time instead of the modification time.
-_d, --_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y
List directories like other files, rather than listing
their contents.
Page 1 (printed 5/18/98)
LLLLSSSS((((1111)))) FFFFSSSSFFFF ((((GGGGNNNNUUUU FFFFiiiilllleeee UUUUttttiiiilllliiiittttiiiieeeessss)))) LLLLSSSS((((1111))))
-_f Do not sort directory contents; list them in whatever
order they are stored on the disk. The same as
enabling -_a and -_U and disabling -_l, -_s, and -_t.
--_f_u_l_l-_t_i_m_e
List times in full, rather than using the standard
abbreviation heuristics.
-_g Ignored; for Unix compatibility.
-_i, --_i_n_o_d_e
Print the index number of each file to the left of the
file name.
-_k, --_k_i_l_o_b_y_t_e_s
If file sizes are being listed, print them in
kilobytes. This overrides the environment variable
POSIXLY_CORRECT.
-_l, --_f_o_r_m_a_t=_l_o_n_g, --_f_o_r_m_a_t=_v_e_r_b_o_s_e
In addition to the name of each file, print the file
type, permissions, number of hard links, owner name,
group name, size in bytes, and timestamp (the
modification time unless other times are selected).
For files with a time that is more than 6 months old or
more than 1 hour into the future, the timestamp
contains the year instead of the time of day.
-_m, --_f_o_r_m_a_t=_c_o_m_m_a_s
List files horizontally, with as many as will fit on
each line, separated by commas.
-_n, --_n_u_m_e_r_i_c-_u_i_d-_g_i_d
List the numeric UID and GID instead of the names.
-_p Append a character to each file name indicating the
file type.
-_q, --_h_i_d_e-_c_o_n_t_r_o_l-_c_h_a_r_s
Print question marks instead of nongraphic characters
in file names.
-_r, --_r_e_v_e_r_s_e
Sort directory contents in reverse order.
-_s, --_s_i_z_e
Print the size of each file in 1K blocks to the left of
the file name. If the environment variable
POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, 512-byte blocks are used
instead.
-_t, --_s_o_r_t=_t_i_m_e
Page 2 (printed 5/18/98)
LLLLSSSS((((1111)))) FFFFSSSSFFFF ((((GGGGNNNNUUUU FFFFiiiilllleeee UUUUttttiiiilllliiiittttiiiieeeessss)))) LLLLSSSS((((1111))))
Sort directory contents by timestamp instead of
alphabetically, with the newest files listed first.
-_u, --_t_i_m_e=_a_t_i_m_e, --_t_i_m_e=_a_c_c_e_s_s, --_t_i_m_e=_u_s_e
Sort directory contents according to the files' last
access time instead of the modification time. If the
long listing format is being used, print the last
access time instead of the modification time.
-_x, --_f_o_r_m_a_t=_a_c_r_o_s_s, --_f_o_r_m_a_t=_h_o_r_i_z_o_n_t_a_l
List the files in columns, sorted horizontally.
-_A, --_a_l_m_o_s_t-_a_l_l
List all files in directories, except for `.' and `..'.
-_B, --_i_g_n_o_r_e-_b_a_c_k_u_p_s
Do not list files that end with `~', unless they are
given on the command line.
-_C, --_f_o_r_m_a_t=_v_e_r_t_i_c_a_l
List files in columns, sorted vertically.
-_F, --_c_l_a_s_s_i_f_y
Append a character to each file name indicating the
file type. For regular files that are executable,
append a `*'. The file type indicators are `/' for
directories, `@' for symbolic links, `|' for FIFOs, `='
for sockets, and nothing for regular files.
-_G, --_n_o-_g_r_o_u_p
Inhibit display of group information in a long format
directory listing.
-_L, --_d_e_r_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e
List the files linked to by symbolic links instead of
listing the contents of the links.
-_N, --_l_i_t_e_r_a_l
Do not quote file names.
-_Q, --_q_u_o_t_e-_n_a_m_e
Enclose file names in double quotes and quote
nongraphic characters as in C.
-_R, --_r_e_c_u_r_s_i_v_e
List the contents of all directories recursively.
-_S, --_s_o_r_t=_s_i_z_e
Sort directory contents by file size instead of
alphabetically, with the largest files listed first.
-_U, --_s_o_r_t=_n_o_n_e
Page 3 (printed 5/18/98)
LLLLSSSS((((1111)))) FFFFSSSSFFFF ((((GGGGNNNNUUUU FFFFiiiilllleeee UUUUttttiiiilllliiiittttiiiieeeessss)))) LLLLSSSS((((1111))))
Do not sort directory contents; list them in whatever
order they are stored on the disk. This option is not
called -_f because the Unix llllssss -_f option also enables -_a
and disables -_l, -_s, and -_t. It seems useless and ugly
to group those unrelated things together in one option.
Since this option doesn't do that, it has a different
name.
-_X, --_s_o_r_t=_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n
Sort directory contents alphabetically by file
extension (characters after the last `.'); files with
no extension are sorted first.
-_1, --_f_o_r_m_a_t=_s_i_n_g_l_e-_c_o_l_u_m_n
List one file per line.
-_w, --_w_i_d_t_h _c_o_l_s
Assume the screen is _c_o_l_s columns wide. The default is
taken from the terminal driver if possible; otherwise
the environment variable CCCCOOOOLLLLUUUUMMMMNNNNSSSS is used if it is set;
otherwise the default is 80.
-_T, --_t_a_b_s_i_z_e _c_o_l_s
Assume that each tabstop is _c_o_l_s columns wide. The
default is 8.
-_I, --_i_g_n_o_r_e _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
Do not list files whose names match the shell pattern
_p_a_t_t_e_r_n unless they are given on the command line. As
in the shell, an initial `.' in a filename does not
match a wildcard at the start of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n.
--_c_o_l_o_r, --_c_o_l_o_u_r, --_c_o_l_o_r=_y_e_s, --_c_o_l_o_u_r=_y_e_s
Colorize the names of files depending on the type of
file. See DDDDIIIISSSSPPPPLLLLAAAAYYYY CCCCOOOOLLLLOOOORRRRIIIIZZZZAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN below.
--_c_o_l_o_r=_t_t_y, --_c_o_l_o_u_r=_t_t_y
Same as --_c_o_l_o_r but only if standard output is a
terminal. This is very useful for shell scripts and
command aliases, especially if your favorite pager does
not support color control codes.
--_c_o_l_o_r=_n_o, --_c_o_l_o_u_r=_n_o
Disables colorization. This is the default. Provided
to override a previous color option.
--_h_e_l_p
Print a usage message on standard output and exit
successfully.
--_v_e_r_s_i_o_n
Print version information on standard output then exit
Page 4 (printed 5/18/98)
LLLLSSSS((((1111)))) FFFFSSSSFFFF ((((GGGGNNNNUUUU FFFFiiiilllleeee UUUUttttiiiilllliiiittttiiiieeeessss)))) LLLLSSSS((((1111))))
successfully.
DDDDIIIISSSSPPPPLLLLAAAAYYYY CCCCOOOOLLLLOOOORRRRIIIIZZZZAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
When using the --_c_o_l_o_r option, this version of llllssss will
colorize the file names printed according to the name and
type of file. By default, this colorization is by type
only, and the codes used are ISO 6429 (ANSI) compliant.
You can override the default colors by defining the
environment variable LLLLSSSS____CCCCOOOOLLLLOOOORRRRSSSS (or LLLLSSSS____CCCCOOOOLLLLOOOOUUUURRRRSSSS). The format
of this variable is reminicent of the termcap(5) file
format; a colon-separated list of expressions of the form
"xx=string", where "xx" is a two-character variable name.
The variables with their associated defaults are:
nnnnoooo 0 Normal (non-filename) text
ffffiiii 0 Regular file
ddddiiii 32 Directory
llllnnnn 36 Symbolic link
ppppiiii 31 Named pipe (FIFO)
ssssoooo 33 Socket
bbbbdddd 44;37 Block device
ccccdddd 44;37 Character device
eeeexxxx 35 Executable file
mmmmiiii (none) Missing file (defaults to fi)
oooorrrr (none) Orphanned symbolic link (defaults to ln)
llllcccc \e[ Left code
rrrrcccc m Right code
eeeecccc (none) End code (replaces lc+no+rc)
You only need to include the variables you want to change
from the default.
File names can also be colorized based on filename
extension. This is specified in the LS_COLORS variable
using the syntax "*ext=string". For example, using ISO 6429
codes, to color all C-language source files blue you would
specify "*.c=34". This would color all files ending in .c
in blue (34) color.
Control characters can be written either in C-style \-
escaped notation, or in ssssttttttttyyyy-like ^-notation. The C-style
notation adds \e for Escape, \_ for a normal space characer,
and \? for Delete. In addition, the \ escape character can
be used to override the default interpretation of \, ^, :
and =.
Each file will be written as <lc> <color code> <rc>
<filename> <ec>. If the <ec> code is undefined, the
sequence <lc> <no> <rc> will be used instead. This is
generally more convenient to use, but less general. The
left, right and end codes are provided so you don't have to
Page 5 (printed 5/18/98)
LLLLSSSS((((1111)))) FFFFSSSSFFFF ((((GGGGNNNNUUUU FFFFiiiilllleeee UUUUttttiiiilllliiiittttiiiieeeessss)))) LLLLSSSS((((1111))))
type common parts over and over again and to support weird
terminals; you will generally not need to change them at all
unless your terminal does not use ISO 6429 color sequences
but a different system.
If your terminal does use ISO 6429 color codes, you can
compose the type codes (i.e. all except the llllcccc, rrrrcccc, and eeeecccc
codes) from numerical commands separated by semicolons. The
most common commands are:
0 to restore default color
1 for brighter colors
4 for underlined text
5 for flashing text
30 for black foreground
31 for red foreground
32 for green foreground
33 for yellow (or brown) foreground
34 for blue foreground
35 for purple foreground
36 for cyan foreground
37 for white (or gray) foreground
40 for black background
41 for red background
42 for green background
43 for yellow (or brown) background
44 for blue background
45 for purple background
46 for cyan background
47 for white (or gray) background
Not all commands will work on all systems or display
devices.
A few terminal programs do not recognize the default end
code properly. If all text gets colorized after you do a
directory listing, try changing the nnnnoooo and ffffiiii codes from 0
to the numerical codes for your standard fore- and
background colors.
BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
On BSD systems, the -_s option reports sizes that are half
the correct values for files that are NFS-mounted from HP-UX
systems. On HP-UX systems, it reports sizes that are twice
the correct values for files that are NFS-mounted from BSD
systems. This is due to a flaw in HP-UX; it also affects
the HP-UX llllssss program.
If there was a single standard for the English language it
would not be necessary to support redundant spellings.
Page 6 (printed 5/18/98)